Plastic in everyday life
Plastic is ubiquitous in our daily lives - from packaging to household items to hygiene products. But the harmful effects of plastic on the environment and our health are serious. According to the Plastic Atlas, 8.3 billion tons of plastic were produced worldwide between 1950 and 2015, with less than 10% being recycled. Microplastics are now found not only in oceans, but also in soils and inland waters, where pollution can be up to 23 times higher than in the sea, depending on the region. Have you ever wondered if a life without plastic is possible?
In this article in the Taiga Newsroom, you will learn how you can live plastic-free through simple changes in your everyday life. We will also introduce you to alternative products from the Taiga Store and give you practical tips on how to live better without plastic.
However, before we look at how we can avoid plastic in our everyday lives, it is worth taking a closer look at the different types of plastics and their environmental impact.
What is plastic?
Plastic, also known as synthetic material, is a collective term for a variety of polymers made from different raw materials. Most plastics, such as polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are produced by the polymerization of hydrocarbons derived from fossil raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas. However, there are also bio-based plastics, such as polyamide (PA) and polyphthalamide (PPA), which are derived from renewable resources.
- Polyethylene (PE): The most widely used plastic worldwide, known for its flexibility and versatility, it is often used for packaging and plastic bags.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): A robust plastic used in building products such as pipes and window frames. Although PVC is heat-resistant and durable, its production is subject to environmental and health criticism due to the use of chlorine.
- Polyamide (PA): A thermoplastic polymer that exists in both petroleum-based and bio-based forms and is used in textiles and technical applications.
- Polyphthalamide (PPA): A bio-based plastic that is particularly heat-resistant and used for technical applications such as automotive components.
Petroleum-based plastics are characterized by their durability, which is also their biggest challenge: they are not biodegradable and decompose into microplastics, which remain in the environment and are difficult to recycle. These microplastic particles accumulate in soils, inland waters and ultimately in the food chain, posing significant environmental and health risks.

How is plastic made?
Plastic is mainly made from fossil raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas. The process of producing plastics can be divided into several steps:
- Raw material extraction: The first step in plastic production is the extraction of crude oil and natural gas. These fossil raw materials serve as the basis for most plastics.
- Cracking: In the cracking process, the long hydrocarbon chains of crude oil are broken down into smaller, more reactive molecules such as ethylene or propylene. This takes place in large industrial plants, known as crackers.
- Polymerization: The broken down molecules are linked in a chemical process, polymerization, to form long chains (polymers). These polymers form the basis for various types of plastic. There are different polymerization processes, including chain polymerization and step polymerization, which are used depending on the desired plastic.
- Plastic production: The polymers are then processed into a basic material, known as granules. These granules are the starting point for the production of a wide variety of plastic products. The granules can be shaped into the desired form using various processes such as injection molding, extrusion or blow molding.
- Refinement: Finally, the plastic products can be further refined by adding colorants, plasticizers or other additives. These chemical additives improve the flexibility, color or resistance of the plastics, but pose a health risk as they can enter the environment and the food chain.
In summary, the production of plastic involves the conversion of fossil raw materials into polymers, which are then further processed into a wide variety of plastic products.
How much plastic is in the ocean?
Plastic waste in the ocean is one of the most pressing environmental problems of our time. According to current studies, including analyses by Statista, over 400 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide each year. A considerable portion of this, an estimated 8 million tons, ends up in the oceans every year. But how does this plastic end up in the sea?
The majority of plastic waste comes from land. It is carried into the sea by wind, rain and rivers. Improperly disposed plastic waste or overflowing landfills are often the main source. In coastal regions, plastic is washed directly into the sea, while rivers transport plastic waste from inland areas into the oceans. Shipping and fishing also contribute significantly to plastic pollution: plastic nets, ropes and packaging materials are lost or deliberately disposed of in the sea.
Once in the sea, plastic waste can remain there for centuries. While a plastic bag decomposes in about 20 years, a PET bottle takes up to 450 years (Statista Infografik, 2023). Plastic breaks down into ever smaller particles, so-called microplastics, which are absorbed by marine life and thus enter the food chain.




